The fight for access to land is one that has been happening in England almost as long as England has existed as a concept. While it has always been the case that large landowners controlled swathes of the country, this land was often available to access. Communal plots were common, allowing those lower down in society to graze animals or even grow crops to sell at market. Tracing the fight for access through the medieval period, then how protest became more official through t

Cabaret, urban nightlife, political propaganda, sexual liberation – these are all symbolic of Berlin during the Weimar Republic. Having been established during a period of political and economic instability after German defeat at the end of the First World War, the republic bore witness to a changing cultural landscape Berlin was at the centre point of this narrative. The city became emblematic of the cultural modernity and radical politics that came to shape the Weimar exper

The modern city of Kinshasa, now the largest in Africa and the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, sits beside what is now known as Pool Malebo, the stretch of water that spans to the northern bank of the Congo River, upon which resides another great African city, Brazzaville. However, the former names of these places invite us to explore the traumatic colonial past of the former Leopoldville, located beside Stanley Pool in the Congo Free State.   The tale of L

On the evening of Wednesday 6 September 1090, five years before the First Crusade was called, the Shi’a missionary Hasan-i Sabbah slipped unnoticed into the seemingly impregnable mountain fortress of Alamut. After peacefully converting the inhabitants of the Persian stronghold, and removing its Sunni master, he began to build a movement that would become shrouded in myth. The group that would come to be known as the ‘Assassins’ would play a significant role in the politics of

In the period lasting from 1603 to 1868, Japan withheld itself from global interactions, opting instead for a Sakoku period of forced isolationism. Aside from a singular Dutch trading port on the island of Dejima, no foreign traders, missionaries or military personnel were allowed into or out of Japan. This however ended abruptly in 1853, where the modern military of the United States forced trading relations through their ‘gunboat diplomacy’ tactics. This directly led to the

The largest of the three megalithic monuments, the King’s Men stone circle, is late Neolithic, circa 2,500BCE. Image: William Raven I had been reading the words of Edward Thomas’ ‘ In Pursuit of Spring’ and inspired by his journey, “on or with bicycle” down to the South-West from London, I, too, detoured on one of my trips down to visit my girlfriend, Lily, in Bristol. Thomas’s journey through “the Quantock Hills, to Nether Stowey, Kilve and West Bagborough” offers a “gli

‘Public history’ is a funny old term when you stop and think about it. People argue endlessly about what the historian’s role is supposed to be in this process – a guide, a guardian of knowledge, a storyteller, or something else entirely. But in all these debates, one question usually slips through the cracks: What is the ‘public’ actually meant to do in public history? And the moment you ask that; you uncover another assumption: why on earth are we separating the ‘publi

On June 21st 1948, the Empire Windrush docked in the United Kingdom, bringing with it 492 immigrants from the Caribbean, encouraged to migrate to provide manual labour to restore post-war Britain. Marked as “the primary scene of Black migration to Britain,” and even posed by academics as the “single event in launching multicultural Britain” there is a generalisation that Black Culture before 1948 was non-existent and that Windrush launched British society into multiculturalis

The Phantom Attack In the summer of 1964, the Gulf of Tonkin became the setting for one of the most consequential misunderstandings in modern American history. The destroyer USS Maddox was conducting intelligence patrols along the North Vietnamese coast when, on August 2nd, it exchanged fire with several Vietcong patrol boats. The incident was brief and inconclusive but quickly became framed as proof of North Vietnamese aggression.  Two days later, reports of a second attack

The Enlightenment is often viewed as a period of rationalised thinking, that sought to emphasise individualism and challenge the traditional authority. Those who promoted these ideals are often regarded as the ‘great Enlightenment thinkers’, and if I were to ask you to name me these people, you might suggest John Locke, father of liberalism; Voltaire, criticiser of religious institutions; or even Isaac Newton, the physicist who transformed our understanding of gravity and mot

When assessing the many indelible scars left upon the Indian subcontinent by British colonial rule, Kashmir often stands out as one of the most painful aspects of British failure. This wound remains visible in modern life as a result of the Line of Control, an enabling structure of militarised control and frequent border skirmishes, and part of the legacy of Cyril Radcliffe, a stark contrast to his subsequent public life as our inaugural Chancellor at Warwick until his untime

By the 1950s, the world’s most dominant colonial powers were crumbling. The impacts of the second world war were too much to overcome, and, with ascension of two new anti-imperialist superpowers, Britain, France and the Netherlands lost their grip on their colonies. Whether it was largely peaceful resistance, like that of India or Ghana, or violent anti-colonial insurgencies, like that of Kenya and Algeria, it was certainly clear that the people wanted out. There was, however

History is perhaps a project centred on memory and remembrance. Many people would suggest history is the study of the past, but how can it be when the past itself no longer exists? Doing history relies on texts from the past that allow us to study something that exists now but within a historical context. But what happens when the texts surrounding certain remembrances are minimalised, overshadowed or disregarded? This is why, as historians, we must learn to read in the silen

The pitch, ‘Is History marching towards “progress”’, is a deeply interesting concept as it delves into whether or not the human race is headed in the right direction. This, of course, gives me some sort of undeserved power – who am I to decide or even comment on the entire human race? This brings me onto one of my overarching points: no singular person can speak for everyone, and it is for that exact reason that we will never be able to generalise whether humankind definitely

The idea that history inevitably leads to better and better circumstances is an addictively optimistic one. It has its uses, and it’s often the way people are first taught history or the way history is portrayed in mass media. This simpler, more optimistic narrative can be useful for engaging people in the subject at first. It’s far easier to think, “They used to do what? How ridiculous!” than to confront the depressing realisation of “Why has nothing changed?” or even “How d

236 years ago this week, on October 15 th , the newly elected president of the now independent United States of America, George Washington, began his first presidential tour. Washington travelled across the northern states, hoping to rally support for the newly created constitution and engage with the American public. It was decisions such as these that made Washington so revered, so unifying, and so popular. Yet, the great nation that he set out to create has certainly di

Cuba and the Crisis of Control By the early 1960s, Cuba had become the site of America’s deepest anxieties. The island was no longer a distant periphery, instead becoming a hostile presence within breathing distance of the Florida coast. Fidel Castro’s revolution in 1959, and his subsequent alignment with the Soviet Union, transformed Cuba into the Cold War’s most immediate fault line. For Washington, the challenge was not merely strategic but symbolic. To tolerate Castro

Following the U.S. withdrawal from Saigon in 1975, many attributed the military’s defeat in Vietnam to public opinion turning against the war and politicians refusing to send more money and troops. Whilst these were two elements that made winning the war harder for the U.S., they downplay the struggle of the Viet Cong guerrillas and the North Vietnamese Army’s (NVA) leadership, as well as the U.S. alienating their allies. After the expulsion of French colonial rule in 1955,

At the core of the Pathways to the Past project is a simple message: our past is something we should both enjoy and feel authority over. History isn’t just for obscure journals or the semi-popularised books of institutional historians. As Hilda Kean and Paula Ashton note, everyone is an ‘active agent in creating history’ – making it difficult to distinguish the historian from ‘their publics.’ We are all products of the thoughts, words, and actions of our predecessors; therefo

This year, the University of Warwick rebranded. The iconic purple ‘W’ was out, replaced with a logo more closely resembling the University’s coat of arms. In the bottom-right corner of both sits the bear and ragged staff – a familiar symbol of Warwickshire. Yet the new logo features a bold change: the bear has turned its back on the staff. Has the University bastardised this iconic emblem of the county, or merely updated it for the modern age? Here, I look back at the history